|
Urine Color
Urine is normally pale yellow to amber. Abnormal or unusual colors
include:
| Color |
Significance |
| |
Black |
|
| |
Port wine |
- Porphyrins
- Methemoglobin
- Hemoglobin
- Lysol poisoning
|
| |
Red-Brown |
- Hemoglobinuria
- Blood
- Myoglobinuria
- Porphyrins
|
| |
Red |
- Eating beets
- Cascara and Senna laxatives
- Phenazopyridine ingestion
|
| |
Orange |
- Concentrated urine
- Small amounts of bile
- Phenazopyridine ingestion
- Oral anticoagulants
- Ethoxazene
- Chlorzoxazone
|
| |
Yellow-Brown |
- Bilirubin
- Sulfonamides
- Nitrofurantoin
|
| |
Yellow-Green |
|
| |
Green-Blue |
- Methylene blue
- Amitriptyline
|
| |
Smoky |
|
|
Normal Values*
|
Color
|
Pale yellow to amber |
|
Turbidity
|
Clear to slightly
hazy |
|
Specific Gravity
|
1.015 to 1.025 |
|
pH
|
4.5-8.0 |
|
Glucose
|
Negative |
|
Ketones
|
Negative |
|
Blood
|
Negative |
| Protein |
Negative |
| Bilirubin |
Negative |
| Urobilinogen |
0.1-1.0 |
| Nitrate for bacteria |
Negative |
| Leukocyte esterase |
Negative |
| Casts |
Negative |
| Red blood cells |
Negative |
| Crystals |
Negative |
| White blood cells |
Negative/Rare |
| Epithelial cells |
Few |
*These are general values taken from a variety of
sources. The actual normal values may vary from lab to lab and from one
type of testing protocol to another.
|
Source:
Operational Medicine 2001, Health
Care in Military Settings, NAVMED P-5139, May 1, 2001, Bureau
of Medicine and Surgery, Department of the Navy, 2300 E Street NW, Washington,
D.C., 20372-5300 |