Lidocaine (Xylocaine, Octocaine, Nervocaine, Dilocaine)

Category:

• Local anesthetic

Description:

• Local anesthetic

Indications:

• LOCAL: infiltration anesthesia, nerve block

• TOP (spray, ointment, solution) : anesthesia of skin and accessible mucous membranes

• TOP (jelly): anesthesia of urethra, anesthetic lubricant for endotracheal intubation

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity to amide anesthetics, heart block, septicemia, ophthalmic use

• Spinal anesthesia (preparations containing preservatives)

Precautions:

• Pregnancy category C

• Inflammation, sepsis, shock

• Elderly, children, severe liver disease

Adverse Reactions (Side Effects):

• CNS: anxiety, disorientation, seizures, shivering, tremors, loss of consciousness

• CV: bradycardia, cardiac arrest, dysrhythmias, myocardial depression

• EENT: blurred vision, tinnitus

• RESP: respiratory arrest, status asthmaticus

• SKIN: allergic reactions, burning, edema, irritation, rash, tissue necrosis, urticaria

Dosage:

Administered topically, injection

• Adult and Child:

  • LOCAL varies with procedure, degree of anesthesia desired, vascularity of tissue, duration of anesthesia required, and physical condition of patient; max 4.5 mg/kg/dose, do not repeat within 2 hours

  • TOP apply to affected area as needed, max 3 mg/kg/dose, do not repeat within 2 hours