Pregnancy Risk Factors

Some risk factors are more significant than others. While most women with any of these risk factors will experience good outcomes, they may benefit from increased surveillance or additional resources.

Moderate increase in risk:

• Age < 16 or > 35

• 2 spontaneous or induced abortions

• < 8th grade education

• > 5 deliveries

• Abnormal presentation

• Active TB

• Anemia (Hgb <10, Hct <30%)

• Chronic pulmonary disease

• Cigarette smoking

• Endocrinopathy

• Epilepsy

• Heart disease class I or II

• Infertility

• Infants > 4,000 gm

• Isoimmunization (ABO)

• Multiple pregnancy (at term)

• Poor weight gain

• Post-term pregnancy

• Pregnancy without family support

• Preterm labor (34-37 weeks)

• Previous hemorrhage

• Previous pre-eclampsia

• Previous preterm or SGA infant

• Pyelonephritis

• Rh negative

• Second pregnancy in 9 months

• Small pelvis

• Thrombophlebitis

• Uterine scar or malformation

• Venereal disease

More than moderate increase in risk:

• Age >40
• Bleeding in the 2nd or 3rd TM
• Diabetes
• Chronic renal disease
• Congenital anomaly
• Fetal growth retardation
• Heart disease class III or IV
• Hemoglobinopathy
• Herpes
• Hypertension
• Incompetent cervix
• Isoimmunization (Rh)
• Multiple pregnancy (pre-term)
• > 2 spontaneous abortions
• Polyhydramnios
• Premature rupture of membranes
• Pre-term labor (<34 weeks)
• Prior perinatal death
• Prior neurologically damaged infant
• Severe pre-eclampsia
• Significant social problems
• Substance abuse